US State Right to Repair — Electronics
Colorado's Right to Repair Digital Electronic Equipment law (HB24-1121) took effect 1 January 2026, joining California, Minnesota and Oregon. There is still no federal right-to-repair statute for consumer electronics — a manufacturer selling nationally answers to four separate state laws, each with its own scope, parts-availability window and parts-pairing rule, not one harmonised US standard.
Last updated 1 September 2026
| State | Law | In force | Key obligation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado | HB24-1121 | 1 Jan 2026 | Parts pairing banned for equipment sold/first used after this date; covers phones, laptops, printers, appliances, servers, routers, e-bikes, sound systems |
| California | SB 244 | 1 Jul 2024 | Parts/tools/docs for products manufactured & first sold after 1 Jul 2021; 3-year support ($50-$99.99), 7-year support ($100+) |
| Minnesota | Digital Fair Repair Act | 1 Jul 2024 | Parts/tools/docs for products manufactured after 1 Jul 2021, available within 60 days of first sale |
| Oregon | SB 1596 | 1 Jan 2025 | First US state to ban parts pairing outright, for devices manufactured from 1 Jan 2025; enforcement began 2027 |
HB24-1121 extended Colorado's earlier right-to-repair statutes — previously limited to agricultural equipment and powered wheelchairs — to a wide range of digital electronic equipment: phones, laptops, printers, home appliances, HVAC systems, servers, routers and other IT/enterprise equipment, e-bikes, music gear and sound systems. For equipment sold or first used in Colorado after 1 January 2026, manufacturers can't use parts pairing to block installation of replacement parts, reduce functionality or performance, or display misleading alerts about unidentified components. Manufacturers must provide the same tools, parts and documentation to consumers and independent repair shops that they give their own authorized network.
Source: Colorado House Democrats; Resource Recycling.
California's SB 244 and Minnesota's Digital Fair Repair Act both took effect 1 July 2024 and both reach backward — California covers products manufactured and first sold after 1 July 2021, Minnesota covers products manufactured after the same date. California ties support duration to price: three years for products priced $50 to $99.99, seven years for anything $100 and over. Minnesota requires parts, tools and documentation to be made available within 60 days of a product's first sale, with no price tiering.
Source: Grist; H2 Compliance.
Oregon's SB 1596, in effect since 1 January 2025, was the first US state law to ban parts pairing outright rather than just requiring parts availability — the practice of serializing a component to one specific device so software rejects a genuine, correctly-fitted replacement part unless it's been "paired" through the manufacturer. The ban applies to devices manufactured from 1 January 2025 onward; general coverage reaches back to phones sold since July 2021 and other electronics sold since July 2015. Enforcement under the law began in 2027.
No. There is no federal right-to-repair statute covering consumer electronics as of September 2026. The obligations exist only at state level, and currently differ across Colorado, California, Minnesota and Oregon — with more states considering their own bills.
Colorado's Right to Repair Digital Electronic Equipment law (HB24-1121) took effect 1 January 2026, for equipment sold or first used in Colorado after that date. It bans parts pairing that blocks replacement parts, degrades functionality, or triggers misleading warnings, and covers phones, laptops, printers, appliances, servers, routers, e-bikes and more.
Yes, both have been in force since 1 July 2024. California's SB 244 covers electronic and appliance products manufactured and first sold after 1 July 2021, with support windows of 3 years for products priced $50-$99.99 and 7 years for products $100 and over. Minnesota's Digital Fair Repair Act covers products manufactured after 1 July 2021 and requires parts, tools and documentation within 60 days of a product's first sale.
Oregon's SB 1596, in effect since 1 January 2025, was the first US state law to ban parts pairing outright for devices manufactured from 1 January 2025 onward -- not just requiring parts availability, but banning the practice of serializing a part to a specific unit so a genuine replacement is rejected by software. Enforcement under the law began in 2027.
The risk here is the same shape as the EU's fragmentation, just younger and still growing: which of the state laws actually apply to a given product line, whether an existing parts-pairing implementation needs to change for Colorado and Oregon specifically, and what documentation and support-window commitments already exist by default under California and Minnesota's reach-back provisions. We scope the gap state by state, and flag which additional states have bills in progress that would extend it further.
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